| Today's Word: | *sed- |
| Translation: | to sit |
| Related to (63): | Greek 'ezomai (hedzomai) - with the initial s- disappearing, the same in 'izw (I make smb sit) |
| Latin sedeo (I sit), sedere
(to sit), >
Catalan assentarse, Spanish sentarse, Occitan asseire, French asseoir, Portuguese assentado, Aromanian sedu (I sit), Sardinian sezzere (to sit), Romanian sedea, Ladin sezzer, Italian sedere |
|
| Common Celtic *sed- (to sit),
*sodion (a seat) >
Old Irish suidim (I sit), Irish & Scottish Gaelic suidh (sit!), Manx Gaelic soie, Welsh seddu, sedd, Breton azeza |
|
| Common Germanic *sit- (to sit),
>
Gothic sitan (to sit), Old English sittan, Old Swedish sittian, Old Norse sitja, Old Frankish sitta, Old High German sizzan, > Swedish sitta, German sitzen, Icelandic sitja, Norwegian sitte, Danish sidde, Faroese sita, Frisian sitte, Dutch zitten |
|
| Avestan hidaiti (he is sitting)
Tadjik sistan, nisastan (to sit), Persian neshastan, Wakhi nezd, Baluchi nishta, Waziri nostai, Pashto ksenastel |
|
| Sanskrit sidati (he is sitting),
asandi (a seat)
Takitaki sidom (I sit) |
|
| Common Baltic *séd- (to sit),
>
Lithuanian se.de.ti (to sit), Latvian sédét, Old Prussian sídons (sitting), Sudovian séstun (to sit) |
|
| Common Slavic *sédeti (to be sitting),
*sesti (to sit down), >
Ukrainian siditi (to sit), Belorussian sidzec', Old Church Slavonic sédéti, Bulgarian sedja (I sit), Macedonian sedam, Serbo-Croatian sjediti (to sit), Slovene sedeti, Czech sedéti, Slovak sediet', Polish siedziec', Upper Sorbian sedzec', Lower Sorbian sejzes', Russian sidet' (to sit), sizhu (I sit). |
|
| Armenian nusdel (to sit), from *nu-sidel | |
| Notes: | The stem was considered by Gamkrelidze &
Ivanov as an "inactive" one, i.e. it was used in Proto-Indo-European only
with inanimate nouns, denoting things, but not people. Later, when languages
lost that distinction between active and inactive words, the stem became
normal in the majority of languages. However, several languages showed
another stem, which is believed to have been used for "active" nouns. Hittite,
for example, has es'zi (he sits), the same for a few other
languages. So the active stem with this meaning was *es-.
This opposition of active - inactive verbs is one of the most prominent theories in IE linguistics. |
